Causes and risk factors
The exact cause is not known however it is said to be an autoimmune disorder where the immune system of the body itself attacks the tissues and affects the synovium (Covering of the joints) and cartilages. Genetic association .a strong familial background also results in arthritis .Infection either viral or bacterial or certain systemic or metabolic diseases can also trigger arthritis.
Clinical presentation:
Symptoms develop gradually. The most common joints affected are knee, wrist and small joints of fingers. Pain in joint; swelling and stiffness are the prominent features. Pain may vary. It can be mild or severe. Difficulty in movement like walking, standing, sitting is experienced by the patient. Fever, skin rashes, Muscle weakness, malaise and tenderness are also present. Rheumatoid arthritis can even affect eyes.
Investigations:
Diagnosis is done of the basis of the symptoms narrated by the patient and the physical examination carried out by the doctor. Routine blood test and a profile of specialized blood test like Rheumatoid factor, C Reactive protein, anti nuclear antibody are diagnostic investigations. Other investigations which can be done are X-ray, MRI or CT scan of the affected joint.
Treatment:
Non steroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAID), steroids, DMARDS (Diseases modifying anti rheumatic drugs) and pain relieving drugs are prescribed. In severe cases corticosteroid injections and topical pain relieving gels and lubricants are advised. Wearing of braces and supports to hold the joint in alignment during movement, cold and hot compressions along with medications can be advised. A gradual rehabilitation by physiotherapy is further advised which will help to improve the range and mobility of the joint and strengthen the muscles.
Other Modes of treatment:
Certain other modes of treatment can also be helpful in coping up the symptom. Taking into consideration the symptoms in holistic way, homoeopathy can offer a good aid for the relief of the symptoms. The Ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbs and synthetic derivates can also be beneficial in combating the complaints. Acupuncture which is the science of insertion of fine needles on the certain stimulating spots on the body has proved to be effective. Certain yoga exercises can also be helpful in relieving the pain and strengthening the muscles.
Recent updates:
The American College of Rheumatology at Annual Meeting in San Diego presented a topic which revealed that children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis who receive early, aggressive therapy with a combination of medications achieve clinical inactive disease status faster as compared to those with less aggressive therapy.
