Causes and risk factors
In Kashin-Beck disease, mycotoxins cause disturbances in the synthesis of the proteoglycans. This causes severe damage to the cartilage. This leads to necrosis of the bones. Although the exact etiology is not known, this condition can result due to several factors in combination like nutritional, environmental, and immunological. Nutritional deficiency, particularly selenium and iodine, contributes to this condition. Genetic and infectious causes have also been responsible for this condition. Kashin-Beck diseases are more commonly seen in people suffering from osteoarthritis.
Clinical presentation:
Symptoms develop gradually and are mostly seen at the age of 5 years and go on developing up until the age of 25 years. Multiple joints are affected and can affect bilaterally. The most commonly affected joints are the ankle, knee, wrist and elbow joints. Pain is a prominent feature seen. Stiffness of joint develops. Difficulty in movement like walking, standing, or sitting is experienced by the patient. Slowly, the joints become enlarged and complete restriction of movement occurs. The joints become deformed and growth is stunted.
Investigations:
Diagnosis is done on the basis of symptoms narrated by the patient and physical examination carried out by the doctor. Certain investigations which can be done are x-ray, MRI, or CT scan of the affected joint. Routine blood test and a profile of specialized blood tests are also done.
Treatment:
The aim of the treatment is to relieve the complaints. Palliative mode of treatment is chosen. Medications like pain relievers and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used. In severe cases, corticosteroid injections and topical pain relieving gels and lubricants are advised. Selenium supplements and antioxidants are advised. Patients who are not responding to medications may require surgical care. Reconstructive surgery or surgical removal of the loose bodies is done.
Change in lifestyle is necessary to correct the pain. Weight reduction among the obese, adequate rest, correction of wrong postures, and regular exercises are advised. Wearing braces and supports to hold the joint in alignment during movement, cold and hot compression along with medication can be advised.
Other Modes of treatment:
Certain other modes of treatment can also be helpful in coping up with the symptoms. Taking into consideration the symptoms in a holistic way, homoeopathy can offer a good aid for the relief of symptoms. The Ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbs and synthetic derivates can also be beneficial in combating the complaints. Acupuncture which is the science of insertion of fine needles onto certain stimulating spots on the body has proven to be effective. Certain yoga exercises can also be helpful in relieving the pain and strengthening of the muscles.
Recent updates:
As per the article given in Medindia, a selenium deficiency diet causes Keshan disease which can be a fatal condition and can lead to Kashin-Beck disease.
