Causes and risk factors
The exact cause of cancer is not known, but various risk factors or predisposing factors have been put forth. Genetic predisposition is one of the major causes. Hereditary plays a major role. People with weak immune system are more prone for cancer. Tobacco addiction and cigarette smoking is one of major contributing factors for lip cancer. Alcohol consumption in excess also increases the chances of developing cancer of any form. Studies have revealed that human papilloma virus (HPV) infection can also lead to lip cancers.
Clinical presentation:
Appearance of ulceration or red and white patch on lips or on its inner aspects persisting for prolong period or appearing frequently is the warning sign needing medical attention. The ulcers are painful and cause difficulty in swallowing. Thickening of lips can be seen unexplained bleeding along with swelling of the jaw can be complained by the patient. Change in voice or hoarseness of voice, difficulty in chewing and loosening of teeth are the other symptoms seen. Body ache, fatigue, tenderness all over the body seems to be associated. The cancerous cells can cause metastasis in various other organs of the body leading to variety of symptoms.
Investigations:
Diagnosis is done on the basis of symptoms narrated by the patient and the examination carried out by the doctor.Biposy of the tissue carried out helps in confirmation of the diseases. If the abnormal growth is malignant then further investigations like PET scan is also advised. Other routine investigations can also be suggested to analyze the general status of health of the patient.
Treatment:
It is a type of cancer which when diagnosed early can be easily treated and hence has a good prognosis. Depending upon the extend and stages of cancer the treatment is planned. If the tumor is present, the tumor is excised along with the abnormal tissues. Lip reconstruction is carried out further. In cases of advance stage of cancer, Radiation therapy is used. Targeted chemotherapy and immunotherapic agents are administered. Along with treatment avoidance of the triggering factors like smoking, alcohol etc needs to be implemented.
