Causes and risk factors
Normally the epidermis consists of cells producing melanin. These cells are termed as melanocytes. In some cases during the migration of the cells to the epidermis, the cells are entrapped in dermis during developmental stage due to which they fail to reach the appropriate location, resulting in discoloration. Studies have shown that it is often associated with certain congenital disorders like cleft lip, spinal meningeal tumor or Sjogren syndrome or inborn errors of metabolism.
Clinical presentation:
Appearance of a bluish grey discoloration on the lower back or buttocks area in babies is the characteristic feature seen. This discoloration can be either covering small or large areas. They can either appear dark in color or can be light colored. The affected areas appear as if skin is bruised. This mark is typically seen at birth or during the first week of life. Other areas like face, flank region, or arms can also be affected. Apart from these, however, this condition does not cause any subjective complaints. These Mongolian spots can be of several types like – Superimposed Mongolian spots, aberrant Mongolian spots, and persistent Mongolian spots. Persistent Mongolian spots are seen for many years while the aberrant type is seen on the unusual sites apart from buttock and lower back. In superimposed type there lies a dark patch of discoloration over the lighter one.
Investigations:
Usually to diagnose these birth marks, no investigations are required. Clinical examination is sufficient for this. Certain other investigations can be done to rule out other underlying diseases.
Treatment:
The discoloration of the skin usually fades over period of 4 years, and as they do not cause any complaints to the patient, no treatment is required. Persistent type is present for a long term and is indefinite.
Other modes of treatment:
Certain other modes of treatment can also be helpful in coping up with the disease. Taking into consideration the symptoms in a holistic way, homoeopathy can offer a good aid for the relief of the symptoms. The Ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbs and synthetic derivatives can also be beneficial in combating the complaints.
