Causative & risk factors
Mastitis occurs when a milk duct is blocked due to incomplete drainage of the formed milk. Not breast-feeding frequently enough or breast-feeding exclusively from a single breast can predispose to mastitis. Wearing tight fitting bras may hamper the milk flow leading to mastitis.
Bacteria from the baby’s mouth can enter the opening of the milk duct via a cracked nipple causing infective mastitis.
If you have had mastitis before, you are at a higher risk of developing it again. Women with diabetes, AIDS and impaired immune system are more prone to develop mastitis.
Clinical presentation
Usually a single breast is affected. A hard lump may be felt in the affected breast. The overlying skin becomes red, warm and tender to touch. The affected breast will appear enlarged. While breastfeeding, the woman may experience a burning pain. The nipple may discharge a white substance which may be occasionally streaked with blood.
Systemic symptoms such as fever, chills, body ache and fatigue are usually present.
Untreated mastitis can lead to the development of a breast abscess.
Investigations
Diagnosis is based upon your signs and symptoms and physical examination. For non lactating women doctor may suggest biopsy and mammography to rule out inflammatory breast cancer.
Treatment
Plenty of rest, continuance of breast feeding and increased fluid intake is advocated. The excess breast milk must be expressed out with the help of a breast pump to prevent stagnation. Antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs are prescribed.
