Causative and risk factors
Even though the exact cause of development of meningiomas is not known, certain major risk factors have been identified. They include exposure to radiation, previous skull fracture and suffering from a disorder known as neurofibromatosis type 2. Women are more commonly affected.
Clinical presentation
Meningiomas are usually asymptomatic. Even when symptoms are present, their course of development is very gradual.
The exact symptoms will be determined on the basis of which part of the brain or spinal cord is compressed. When the sphenoid ridge is compressed, the individual will experience mainly eye problems such as eye movement paralysis and reduced vision along with other symptoms such as seizures or headaches. In this way, the exact location and pressure produced by a meningioma will determine the symptoms.
Headache is a common symptom. Other symptoms include blurring of vision, seizures, muscle weakness, numbness, dizziness, loss of smell, inco-ordination and speech difficulties amongst others.
Investigations
A meningioma can be diagnosed on the basis of imaging studies such as a CT or MRI scan. A tissue biopsy is performed if necessary.
Treatment
In case of benign, slow-growing, asymptomatic meningiomas; only observation is advised. If the tumor carries a risk of malignancy or if the patient starts developing symptoms, then surgery is recommended. Surgery may entail removal of part or whole of the tumor. The aim of surgery is to remove a sufficient part of the tumor in order to relieve the pressure on the underlying structure and preserve nervous function. Radiation therapy is recommended in patients with malignant meningiomas.
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