Causes and risk factors
Micrognathia occurs as a result of genetic mutations or certain inherited disorders. They include Pierre-Robin syndrome, trisomy 13, trisomy 18, achondrogenesis, progeria, Treacher-Collins syndrome, cri-du-chat syndrome, Marfan syndrome, Russell-Silver syndrome, Turner syndrome.
Clinical presentation
This condition can make feeding the infant difficult. Abnormal alignment of the teeth may occur.
Investigations
Medical history by the patient and clinical examination by the doctor helps in diagnosis. Diagnosis can be made on the basis of the appearance of the jaw in accordance with the rest of the face. X-ray of jaw can be taken for confirmation.
Treatment
Treatment depends upon the underlying cause. Special feeding techniques or equipment may be used to feed the infant. Use of orthodontic devices are helpful. Corrective surgery to extend the lower jaw may be required.
Complications
Complications such as misaligned teeth, difficulty in feeding or eating can occur.
When to Contact a Doctor
One must consult a doctor if the baby’s jaw seems inappropriately small or if he/she experiences feeding difficulties.
Systems involved
Musculoskeletal system
Organs involved
Jaw, mouth
