Causes and risk factors
Mold is a fungus that breaks down dead, decayed material and grows by digesting plant or animal matter like leaves, dirt, wood etc. The disease is caused by inhalation of the particles or endospores which are blown up in the air by the organism. Damp places, garages, basements, garbage cans are favourable for the growth of organism. It grows on food leaving green spots on the surface of the food.
Clinical presentation
Patient shows allergic symptoms like sneezing, runny nose, or nasal congestion , watery eyes, itching in nose and throat. Skin has a kind of rash or hives called urticaria. If the patient has history of asthma, the symptoms of asthma are triggered due to mold allergy like coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, tightness of chest etc.
Investigation
Medical history by the patient and Clinical examination by the doctor helps in diagnosis. Fungal infection can be found by microscopic detection of diagnostic cells by blood culture sputum culture, urine culture and identification by IgE antibody test which detects the presence of antibodies for the organism in the blood. Skin prick test is also useful for diagnosis of the disease.
Treatment
Mild asymptomatic patients do not require any treatment. Anti-fungal drug treatment is recommended. Drugs like anti histaminic are administered. Nasal corticosteroids may be required. Nasal decongestants sprays, oral decongestants, will also help in managing mold allergy. Immunotherapy, nasal lavage will contribute further to the treatment. Prevention of exposure by maintaining dry environment, cleaning of basements, avoiding eating of stale food will help useful.
Other Modes of treatment
The other modes of treatment can also be effective in treating mold allergy. Homoeopathy is a science which deals with individualization considers a person in a holistic way. This science can be helpful in combating the symptoms. Similarly the ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbal medicines and synthetic derivates are also found to be effective in treating mold allergy.
