Causative & risk factors
Molluscum contagiosum is caused due to infection with the molluscum virus. It can spread due to direct contact with an infected person. Objects used by an infected person such as sheets, towels etc. can also transmit the disease. Sexual transmission is also possible. Scratching and rubbing can spread the infection to different body parts of the affected person.
Molluscum contagiosum is common in adults who are immune-compromised especially those with HIV.
Clinical presentation
Molluscum contagiosum presents as dome shaped, flesh colored lesions on the affected portion of the skin. The lesions are painless but may sometimes itch. Common locations in children include the face, trunk and limbs; as a result of direct contact. In adults the genitals, abdomen and inner thighs are commonly affected as a result of sexual transmission. The size may vary from 2 to 5 mm in diameter. Their consistency is initially firm, later they become soft. The lesions have a central core of white, waxy material which gives it a dimpled appearance. Eventually, lesions may turn red and start draining.
Investigations
Molluscum contagiosum can be diagnosed on the basis of physical appearance alone. In case of doubt, a skin biopsy may be performed.
Treatment
Most cases of molluscum contagiosum themselves disappear within several months so treatment is not always necessary; especially in cases of children. However, adults with molluscum contagiosum must be treated since their immune system is usually weakened.
Topical applications containing anti-viral drugs or corrosive agents like benzoyl peroxide and potassium hydroxide are recommended. Other treatment options include diathermy (burning with heat), cryotherapy (freezing with liquid nitrogen), curettage (scraping off lesions) and use of lasers.
