Causes and risk factors
The mucus-producing glands in the cervix are coated with skin cells. They become clogged and the secreted mucus accumulates. This eventually leads to the formation of a cyst. Trauma to cervix during delivery or child birth is one of the commonest causes.
Clinical presentation
The cysts are usually noted while a woman is self-examining herself or during a routine pelvic exam by a physician. There may be a single cyst or multiple cysts. The size of the cyst varies from a few millimeters to a few centimeters in diameter. The cyst is yellowish in color. It has a smooth appearance. The cysts themselves do not produce any symptoms.
Investigations
Medical history by the patient and clinical examination by the gynecologist helps in diagnosis. Diagnosis can be made on the basis of a pelvic exam. Colposcopy can be performed for a better view. A cyst may be drained to check the contents. Rarely, a pelvic ultrasound/CT scan/MRI may be done.
Treatment
Most nabothian cysts do not require treatment. If a cyst is extremely large, it can be removed via excision, electrocautery ablation.
Complications
Complications such as secondary bacterial infection can occur. Multiple cysts may cause discomfort in the pelvic area.
When to Contact a Doctor
One must consult a doctor if there is a considerable sized cystic swelling in the cervix.
Systems involved
Genitourinary system, female reproductive system
Organs involved
Cervix, female genitalia
