Causative & risk factors
The exact cause is unknown but certain triggers have been identified which mark the onset of the itch-scratch-itch cycle. The trigger can be mental stress, an insect bite or clothing that irritates the skin.
Neurodermatitis is sometimes associated with certain skin conditions like psoriasis or eczema.
Clinical presentation
A single patch of skin on the affected area starts itching very frequently. Constant scratching of that area makes the skin thickened and discolored. Eventually the patch of skin assumes a leathery and scaly appearance.
Investigations
The patient’s history and local examination of the skin are adequate to make a diagnosis of neurodermatitis. When in doubt, a skin biopsy may be performed to rule out other conditions.
Treatment
The patient is strongly advised to avoid scratching the affected area so that the itch-scratch-itch cycle can be broken. In severe cases the doctor may prescribe certain medications like anti-histamines (to reduce the itch) and corticosteroids (to reduce the inflammation of the skin). A course of antibiotics is prescribed if a secondary bacterial infection is present. In patients where stress has been identified as a cause of itching, anti-anxiety medications are prescribed.
