Causes and risk factors
Nutritional optic neuropathy is caused as a result of specific nutritional deficiencies, especially those of B vitamins. B1, B2, B3, B6, and B12 have been identified as the culprits for nutritional optic neuropathy.
Clinical presentation
Nutritional optic neuropathy gives rise to gradual bilateral loss of vision. There is development of central or cecocentral scotoma. The color vision becomes abnormal, known as dyschromatopsia. There is loss of visual acuity. The vision progressively deteriorates. Some patients may develop total blindness.
Investigations
A detailed ophthalmic examination needs to be carried out. The optic disc may appear swollen and hyperemic. Hemorrhages may be observed around the disc. The pupillary response to light may be normal, weak, or absent.
Blood tests are performed to look for specific nutritional deficiencies. Imaging tests such as CT or MRI may be recommended.
Treatment
The treatment for nutritional optic neuropathy consists of identifying the specific nutritional deficiency and supplementing it. A balanced diet is recommended for the patient.
Complications
Nutritional optic neuropathy can extensively damage the optic nerve, causing optic atrophy.
When to contact a doctor
Contact a doctor as soon as you experience any degree of vision loss.
Prevention
Maintaining a healthy, balanced diet helps to prevent the occurrence of nutritional optic neuropathy.
Facts and figures
All races, all ages and both genders are equally affected by nutritional optic neuropathy.
Systems involved
Ophthalmic, CNS
Organs involved
Eyes, nerves
