Causes and risk factors
There are various causes which lead to odynophagia such as ulcers, intake of very hot or very cold foodstuff or drinks, drugs, mucosal destruction. Conditions like GERD, persistent sore throat, stomatitis, epiglottitis, esophagitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis can cause odynophagia. Esophageal diseases like esophageal webs, esophageal spasm can lead to odynophagia. Certain infectious agents associated with odynophagia include HIV, HSV, CMV, Epstein-Barr [EBV], oral candidiasis. The infection causes sores, ulcers, abscesses, inflammation. Tumors such as cancer of throat, larynx, thyroid, etc., also cause odynophagia. Foreign bodies in the mucosal lining of throat can lead to odynophagia, e.g., fish bone.
Clinical presentation
Patient presents with symptoms like pain while swallowing, radiating pain. There is burning sensation in the throat. Patient can’t eat or drink. Weight loss can occur. Odynophagia can be accompanied by dysphagia [difficulty in swallowing], altered voice, or even sometimes dyspnea [ difficult breathing].
Investigations
Medical history by the patient and clinical examination by the doctor helps in diagnosis. Endoscopy is required. Blood test is recommended.
Treatment
Treatment involves administration of analgesics, antibiotics, antacids with anesthetics, antireflux medication. Consuming soft foodstuff and adequate fluids is helpful. Treating the underlying cause is essential.
Other Modes of treatment
The other modes of treatment can also be effective in treating odynophagia. Homoeopathy can be helpful in combating the symptoms. Similarly, the Ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbal medicines, is also found to be effective in treating odynophagia.
Complications
Complications such as weakness, weight loss can occur.
When to Contact a Doctor
One must consult a doctor if there is persistent pain while swallowing.
Prevention
Avoiding consumption of extreme hot or extreme cold food prevents the disease.
Systems involved
GIT, CNS
Organs involved
Throat, esophagus
