Causes and risk factors
Orbital cellulitis is a bacterial infection of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, and beta-hemolytic streptococci and Haemophilus influenzae. Bacteria can spread from other parts such as throat causing orbital cellulitis. Sinus infections often spread from sinus to the eye socket. Trauma , surgery are some of the other risk factors.
Clinical presentation
It is a potentially dangerous infection which requires immediate attention and treatment. Patient complains of painful swelling in the eyelids cheeks, or eyebrows; pain in the eyes, pain while eye movement. There is inability to open the eyes. There is decreased vision. Bulging of eyes is observed. Red or purple eyelid is seen. Cellulitis often leads to abscess formation.
Investigations
Medical history by the patient and clinical examination by the doctor helps in diagnosis. Blood tests are required. X-ray of sinuses is recommended. Throat culture is obtained to detect the presence of bacteria. Spinal tap is done in severe conditions.
Treatment
The treatment should be timely and strictly under observation of the physician. Administration of antibiotics is helpful. Surgery may be required to drain the abscess.
Complications
Complications such as blindness, hearing loss, sepsis, meningitis can occur.
When to Contact a Doctor
One must consult a doctor if there is pain in eye movement with swelling of eyelids.
Prevention
HiB vaccination in children, early detection and treatment, maintaining hygiene can prevent the disease.
Systems involved
Circulatory system, CNS
Organs involved
Eyes, face
