Postpartum Preeclampsia

Causes and risk factors

The exact cause of postpartum preeclampsia is not known. But certain risk factors have been put forth. A women suffering from gestational hypertension or hypertension during previous pregnancy is at high risk for postpartum preeclampsia. The risk also increases in case of obese women.

Clinical presentation:

Usually the complaints are seen 48 hours after childbirth, however in some cases they develop 4-6 weeks after childbirth. Increase in blood pressure and passage of protein in urine is the characteristic feature of postpartum preeclampsia. The urine examination done reveals the presence of urine. Along with this headache, nausea, vomiting and shortness of breath occur. Decrease urine output, sudden weight gain and pain in abdomen especially at the right side of the abdomen are complained by the patient.

Negligence in initiation of treatment can lead to development of seizures and other complications like stroke, thromboembolism, pulmonary edema etc.

Investigations:

Diagnosis is done of the basis of the symptoms narrated by the patient and the investigations advised by the gynecologist. The blood pressure of the mother is monitored. Certain investigations like routine blood test and urine analysis is advised. Certain other investigations can also be advised if any complication exists.

Treatment:

The woman is hospitalized is kept under medical attention. Medications to lower down the blood pressures are started. As seizures is the main complication and a matter of worry, anti convulsive medications are given for the first 24 hours.

Facts and Figures:

Incidence of postpartum preeclampsia accounts for approximately 600 cases per year.