Causes and risk factors
Ramsay hunt syndrome is caused by varicella zoster virus [VZV]. It is the same virus that causes chicken pox. This virus remains dormant in the body and becomes active when immunity of the person is lowered. The virus causes irritation, inflammation and swelling of the nerve.
Clinical presentation
Patient presents with painful rash on eardrum, ear canal, ear lobe, tongue, palate. Stinging, throbbing type of pain is experienced especially in the inner ear. The rash consists of vesicular eruption .Hearing loss in the affected ear may be present. Patient may suffer from vertigo. Weakness of the face on affected side involves difficulty in closing the eye, difficulty in eating, difficulty in expressing and fine movements of face, facial drooping.
Investigation
Medical history by the patient and Clinical examination by the doctor helps in diagnosis. Blood test for detection of virus is recommended. EMG, lumbar puncture, nerve conduction study are advised in case of CNS complications. Imaging studies such as MRI of head and neck may be useful for further evaluation. Audiometry is done to evaluate hearing loss. Skin test for VZV confirms the diagnosis.
Treatment
Treatment involves medications like anti viral drugs, anti inflammatory drugs, analgesics. Anti anxiety medicines or medicines for vertigo may be required. Doctor may advise bed rest and avoid physical and mental exertion.
Other Modes of treatment
The other modes of treatment can also be effective in treating Ramsay hunt syndrome.
Homoeopathy is a science which deals with individualization considers a person in a holistic way. This science can be helpful in combating the symptoms. Similarly the ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbal medicines and synthetic derivates are also found to be effective in treating Ramsay hunt syndrome.
