Causes and risk factors
Raynauds disease is of two types primary and secondary. Exposure to extreme cold and stress are the commonest cause. Raynauds disease can be secondary to certain diseases like scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis Genetic factor is one of the major causes. A strong family history is one of the predisposing factors. Smoking and caffeine intake worsens the attack.
Clinical presentation:
The patient complains of Discoloration of the palm, soles, fingers and toes (white, blue/green and red color changes) with exposure of extreme temperature (Cold) or stress. They are indicative of sudden collapse of arteries due to spasm, poor oxygenated blood supply followed by filling back of the blood vessels at the end of the attack. Tingling, numbness or pricking sensation is other symptoms with which the patient comes up with. On examination the affected areas are cold to touch. Severe pain and discomfort in palm and soles is felt. Severe and recurrent raynauds can lead to complication of permanent diminishing of the blood vessels leading to formation of ulcers or gangrenous areas.
Investigations:
Diagnosis is done on the basis of the symptoms narrated by the patient and the examination carried out by the doctor. A ‘nailfold capillaroscopy’ tests is the done to distinguish between the two types. If the doctor suspects certain underlying causes then certain investigations like routine blood test and anti nuclear antibodies and specialized blood tests are advised.
Treatment:
Treatment plan depends upon the severity of symptoms. In cases of secondary raynauds diseases treatment of the underlying cause is essential. Vasodilating medications and calcium channel blockers are prescribed. In mild cases measure that will help to alleviate the symptoms are advised. Use of hand warmers, gloves is recommended. Cold draught places should be avoided and an even and ambient temperature should be maintained in the room. Cessation of smoking is advised. Massages through various massaging oils readily available at the center have found to be beneficial. In severe cases chemical injections and nerve surgery is advised. In cases of severe gangrene amputation of the affected area to prevent its spread is suggested.
Other Modes of treatment:
Certain other modes of treatment can also be helpful in coping up the disease. Taking into consideration the symptoms in holistic way, homoeopathy can offer a good aid for the relief of the symptoms. The Ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbs and synthetic derivates can also be beneficial in combating the complaints.
