Causes and risk factors
In many cases, the cause of retrobulbar neuritis is unclear. Multiple sclerosis is the most common cause of this condition.
Sometimes another underlying disease or infection is the cause. These include autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases, neurological diseases, as well as effect of drugs and toxins.
Clinical presentation
Usually a single eye is affected; however, sometimes bilateral eye affection may occur. The individual’s eyesight is affected – ranging from mild to severe. The patient usually has blurred vision. Sometimes the central vision is lost (blind spot). The perception of color reduces. The affected eye may be painful.
Investigations
Initially, a complete ophthalmologic examination is carried out via ophthalmoscopy. A lumbar puncture is performed with examination of the cerebrospinal fluid. MRI of the brain is suggested. Blood tests and x-rays are performed in order to detect the cause of retrobulbar neuritis.
Treatment
Spontaneous resolution of retrobulbar neuritis may occur. Treatment is based upon detection and management of the cause. Anti-inflammatory and steroid drugs are usually prescribed.
Complications
Patients of retrobulbar neuritis usually experience irreversible impairment of vision.
When to contact a doctor
Contact a doctor as soon as you experience impaired vision or a reduction in perception of color.
Systems involved
Ophthalmic system, nervous system
Organs involved
Eye, nerves
