Causes and risk factors
The cause of rosacea is unknown. Females are more likely to develop this condition; especially those in the age group of 30-50 years. Fair skinned individuals and people who blush easily are more prone to develop rosacea. Rosacea may be associated with disorders like acne vulgaris, seborrhea, blepharitis or keratitis.
Factors that may trigger rosacea include emotional excitement, weather changes, sun exposure, exercise, alcohol consumption and spicy food.
Clinical presentation
Facial eruptions – bright red, flat or raised, a few mm in size are present in the malar region. Forehead, chin, lips etc. can also be affected. These eruptions are surrounded by a fixed flush of the rest of the face. The patient experiences frequent blushing or flushing. Telangiectasia i.e. persistent redness of face may be seen. Facial skin becomes dry and flaky.
Ocular rosacea presents as red, sore or gritty eyelid margins. Rhinophyma i.e. an enlarged distorted nose with prominent pores and thickening can be seen. Blepharophyma i.e. swelling of eyelids may be present along with other facial areas.
Diagnosis & Investigations
There is no specific test for rosacea. Doctors can diagnose it on the basis of patient’s symptoms and visual inspection alone.
Treatment
Rosacea although not curable, but can be controlled with proper treatment.
Antibiotics are prescribed to the patient. Topical applications such as benzoyl peroxide or metronidazole are prescribed.
Prescription facial cleansers are suggested. Other forms of therapy includes laser and intense pulsed light, glycolic peels and photodynamic therapy.
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