Causes and risk factors
Rubella is an airborne infection caused due to rubella virus. This virus causes infection only in human beings. As it is an airborne infection, the infection spreads through droplets of air. Contact with the secretions of the infected person can also lead to direct transmission of the virus. Occurrence of the infection during pregnancy can cause transmission of this virus from the mother to fetus leading to congenital defects and even death of the child.
Clinical presentation:
Complaints are seen 2-3 weeks after the infection. The patient complains of fever, headache, and body ache along with appearance of a typically red rash. The rash first begins at face and then spreads downwards. It is a light pink and evenly spread rash which causes itching. In the next 3 days after the appearance of rash, it gradually clears off leading to shedding of flakes of skin. Loss of appetite, headache, stuffed or runny nose, and fatigue along with pain in the joints are the other complaints seen. Enlargement of lymph nodes along with conjunctivitis can also be seen. In case the infection occurs during pregnancy, there is high risk for the infection to spread to the baby. Spread of infection to the child can lead to various congenital defects – autism, thyroid dysfunction, DM commonly occurs.
Investigations:
The diagnosis is confirmed on the basis of the symptoms narrated by the patients and certain physical examinations conducted by the doctor. Certain set of investigations can also be advised which will aid in the confirmation of the disease. Complete blood test along with serological examination is the diagnostic tool. Detection of rubella antibodies confirm the diagnosis. Regular screening and tests during pregnancy needs to be done.
Treatment:
There is no specific treatment for rubella; however, the line of treatment consists of administration of hyperimmune globulin medications. Regular screening of the mother during antenatal care is a must. Vaccination against the rubella virus (MMR) provides immunity against the infection.
Other Modes of treatment:
Certain other modes of treatment can also be helpful in coping up with the disease. Taking into consideration the symptoms in a holistic way, homoeopathy can offer a good aid for the relief of the symptoms. The Ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbal and certain synthetically prepared medicines can also be effective in combating the symptoms.
Facts and Figures:
As per WHO, it is estimated that worldwide 110,000 babies are born with congenital rubella syndrome every year.
