Causative & risk factors
As with most cancers, the cause of salivary gland cancer is not known.
Exposure to radiation therapy in the head and neck region is a known risk factor for development of salivary gland cancer. Occupations involving the use of rubber and asbestos are also associated with a higher risk of developing cancer of the salivary glands.
Clinical presentation
Elderly patients are the most commonly affected age group.
A lump can be felt or seen in the region of the cheeks, mouth or neck. The affected salivary gland is usually painful. The affected side of the face may be numb. The relevant muscles become weak. Movements like opening the mouth and swallowing become difficult.
Investigations
Imaging studies like a CT, MRI or PET scan is performed to determine the extent of spread of the salivary gland cancer.
Biopsy of the tumor is performed for confirmation.
Treatment
Surgery is the mainstay of treatment for cancer of the salivary glands. It may be followed up with radiation therapy or chemotherapy. Surgery may entail removal of a part or whole of the affected salivary gland along with the surrounding lymph nodes.
