Causes and risk factors
Melanin is a pigment which is produced by the melanocytes. This pigment is essential for providing color to the skin. Exposure to ultraviolet radiation causes faster growth of the melanocytes which causes accumulation of melanin. As a result the skin becomes dark. Ultraviolet radiation used in tanning beds can also cause solar lentigo.
Clinical presentation:
Complaints are commonly seen on the parts which are exposed to ultraviolet radiation. This condition does not cause any complaints. The skin changes are more prominently seen in fair individuals. The common site affected is shoulder, upper arm, hands, and feet. The patient usually comes up with complaints of pale to dark brown discoloration on the skin. These are brown macules. The shape can vary; it can be round in color or irregular in shape. The size too varies from 5 to 20 mm. This discoloration can also cause a matter of worry from a cosmetic point of view.
Investigations:
Solar lentigo can be confirmed by the clinical examination carried out by the dermatologist. The symptoms narrated by the patient are taken into consideration. There is often a history of exposure to UV rays. No specific investigations are required. Other investigations can be advised if the doctor suspects any other skin conditions.
Treatment:
As the patient does not suffer from any complaint, no treatment is required. However, if this hampers the appearance of the patient, certain measures can be advised by the dermatologist. Cryotherapy or laser surgery can be done. Chemical peels have also been found to be effective. Bleaching agents can help to lighten the skin. Dermabrasion and administration of intense pulse light can also be done. Along with this, certain skin care measures can be adopted. It comprises of use of sunscreen to avoid the exposure to sun. The use of tanning beds should be avoided.
Other modes of treatment:
Certain other modes of treatment can also be helpful in coping up with the disease. Taking into consideration the symptoms in a holistic way, homoeopathy can offer a good aid for the relief of the symptoms. The Ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbs and synthetic derivates can also be beneficial in combating the complaints.
