Causes and risk factors
Injury or trauma caused due to fall is the main contributing factor. Fall on an outstretched hand with extension of the thumb can lead to sprain of thumb. Spraining of thumb is more commonly seen in people who are engaged in skiing. A spill on the ski slope with hand strapped on a ski pole commonly leads to sprained thumb.
Clinical presentation:
The complaints can either be mild or severe. Pain in the affected thumb is the main feature seen. Dull aching pain is felt at the base of the thumb. Swelling and stiffness occurs. Pain is aggravated by movement. On examination, tenderness is seen. Weak grip is present. Pinching and grasping things become difficult.
Investigations:
Diagnosis is done on the basis of the symptoms narrated by the patient along with clinical examination being carried out by the orthopedic doctor. There is often a history of injury. X-ray can be done. Advanced imaging techniques like MRI or CT scan can also be done.
Treatment:
Depending upon the severity of complaints, the treatment is planned. The conservative mode of treatment comprises of administration of pain reliving medication. Ice pack application is suggested to reduce the swelling. Splint and cast application is done for immobilization. In severe cases where there is partial or complete tear of the ligament, surgical intervention is needed.
Other modes of treatment:
Certain yoga exercises or physical exercises under a trained physiotherapist will help to strengthen the muscles and ligaments and improve flexibility.
Complications:
Ignoring or neglecting the sprained thumb can lead to chronic instability, weakness, and arthritis in late stages.
When to contact a doctor:
Contact an orthopedic doctor if one experiences any pain, stiffness, or discomfort in the thumb.
System involved: Musculoskeletal system
Organ involved: Skin, tissues, nerves, bones, thumb and ligament.
