Causes and risk factors
The exact cause of ovarian cysts is not known. However, the theory of hormonal imbalance is said to be one of the causes. Hormonal imbalance like high levels of testosterone and low levels of estrogen and progesterone give rise to various signs and symptoms. Certain infections, injuries, retention cysts post ovulation are common causes.
Clinical presentation:
Bilateral or unilateral affection can be seen. Most of the women are asymptomatic; while some can present with complaints of pain in the lower abdomen, it is dull aching pain. The pain can be aggravated during menses, sexual intercourse, or during bowel movements .Irregular menstrual periods, heaviness in the pelvic region is felt. Nausea, vomiting, and tenderness in breast are the other associated symptoms. Infertility and increase in weight can be complained. Ascites is commonly seen. Signs and symptoms of thyrotoxicosis occurs. Although rare, large cysts can lead to complications like rupture or can cause the ovary to move out of its position (ovarian torsion).
Investigations:
Diagnosis is done on the basis of the symptoms narrated by the patient and the physical examination carried out by the gynecologist. Per vaginal examination can be carried out by the gynecologist. Routine blood test called as CA-125 and ultrasonography or MRI of the pelvis is advised. Histological examination helps in confirming the diagnosis. Certain other set of investigations like thyroid test, lipid profile are suggested to rule out the underlying causes. Laparoscopic examination can also be done.
Treatment:
The guidelines and effectiveness of conservative line of treatment is still not clear. Surgical intervention is needed. The treatment aims at surgical excision of the tumor. In case where the tumors are cancerous, along with surgery radiation and chemotherapy is done.
Other Modes of treatment:
Certain other modes of treatment can also be helpful in coping up the symptoms. Taking into consideration the symptoms in a holistic way, homoeopathy can offer a good aid for the relief of the symptoms. The Ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbs and synthetic derivates can also be beneficial in combating the complaints.
Facts and Figures:
Struma ovarii accounts for 1% of all ovarian tumors.
