Causes and risk factors
The cause of Takayasu’s arteritis is unknown. Autoimmune condition develops in this disease, means immune system of patient’s body develop antibodies against own body tissues. In this disease, the walls of the arteries get thickened, thus the vessels become narrow and there is clotting of blood. This causes reduced blood supply to the organs and tissues. Sometimes the vessels are dilated causing aneurysm. It is common in women than in men.
Clinical presentation
Patient presents with signs and symptoms like painful, cold, or blanched extremities. He experiences dizziness, headache, and vision changes. Patient may also complain of chest pain, muscle pain, abdominal pain, and fatigue. There is weight loss, fever, skin rash, night sweats, and anaemia.
Investigation
Medical history by the patient and Clinical examination by the doctor helps in diagnosis. High blood pressure, difference in blood pressure between two arms, decreased radial pulse at the wrist during physical examination will lead to further investigations. Complete blood count [CBC], Erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR] is recommended. Arteriogram [angiogram] is advised; however interpretation is made to differentiate between atherosclerosis and vasculitis. Imaging studies such as Chest x ray, Ultrasound, Magnetic resonance angiography, CT angiography may be useful for further evaluation.
Treatment
Patient of takayasu’s arteritis is treated with medicines such as steroids cortisone and immunosuppressive drugs. Blood thinners may be required to treat blood clotting. Surgery angioplasty with stent or bypass grafting may be required for severe blood vessel narrowing and aneurysm. Regular screening of blood pressure and blood cholesterol levels in high risk patients will also help in managing the disease condition.
Facts and figures
Takayasu’s arteritis is caused in 1 in 2, 00,000 people all over the world.
