Causes and risk factors
Apart from infection particularly caused by bacteria, injury is said to be the main cause for tenosynovitis. Repeated chronic injuries can lead to tear or over a time degeneration of the synovium. Overuse of the tendon can also lead to injury to the synovium. Certain diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and gonorrhea can also lead to affection of the synovial sheath. In some cases, tenosynovitis can occur without any known cause.
Clinical presentation:
Unlike any affection of the muscle or bone, pain is also a prominent feature of tenosynovitis. The pain is severe and is aggravated by movement of that tendon. The overlying skin is warm to touch and tenderness is present. Swelling is seen at affected area. In cases of any infective cause, fever is seen. Stiffness along with weakness while moving the affected joint is commonly seen.
Investigations:
Diagnosis is done on the basis of the symptoms narrated by the patient and the physical examination carried out by the doctor. Certain investigations which can be done are x-ray, MRI, or CT scan of the affected joint. Routine blood test and a profile of specialized blood tests are done to rule out other diseases.
Treatment:
Rest, wearing braces and supports to hold the joint in alignment during movement, cold compressions along with medications can be advised. Medications prescribed are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Steroids and pain relieving drugs are also prescribed. In severe cases, corticosteroid injections and topical pain relieving gels and lubricants are advised. Surgical intervention is needed in cases where the tendon or synovium is severely affected. In case where repetitive movement is involved, timely breaks and in-between exercises should be undertaken. The activity should be started at a gradual pace rather than starting it suddenly with force. Regular exercises should be done.
Other Modes of treatment:
Certain other modes of treatment can also be helpful in coping up with the symptom. Taking into consideration the symptoms in a holistic way, homoeopathy can offer a good aid for the relief of the symptoms. The Ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbs and synthetic derivates can also be beneficial in combating the complaints. Acupuncture, which is the science of insertion of fine needles on the certain stimulating spots on the body, has been proven to be effective. Certain yoga exercises can also be helpful in relieving the pain and strengthening the muscles.
