Causes and risk factors
Textile dyes are used for imparting color to the fabrics. During the dyeing process, the dye gets bound with the fabric. Sometimes the fabrics are processed with special chemicals known as textile finish resin to make them water resistant or free from creases. This substance causes release of formaldehyde. A variety of dyes like acid based, chemical, sulphur, reactive, disperse, and Azo dyes are used. Azo and disperse dyes are the most common causes of allergy. However, the use of Azo dye has been reduced. In disperse dyes, particularly the 106 and 124, dye allergies are commonly seen. Allergy is seen in patients who are sensitive to these dyes. Exposure to surplus of dyes can cause symptoms. An allergy is an autoimmune reaction of the body.
When an individual comes in contact with a specific substance, the immune system considers it as a harmful substance for the body. As a result, the body stimulates the cells to secrete the immunoglobulins to nullify the effect of the substance. The next time as soon as one comes in contact with the substance to which the person is sensitive, the immunoglobulins are stimulated and they release histamines for the defense. This process gives rise to the signs and symptoms. Certain studies have shown that environmental factors like warm climate and humidity causes excessive sweating, resulting in close contact of the body with the fabric.
Clinical presentation:
A person who is allergic to textile dyes can present with complaints of red eruptions (urticaria) and itching on the body. The complaint occurs within a few minutes or hours of contact with the material and can last for a few days. It is commonly seen in areas where there is rubbing or close contact with the fabric. Waist, neck, and buttocks are commonly affected.
Investigations:
Usually the patient themselves over time can identify the allergy. Diagnosis can be done on the basis of the symptoms narrated by the patients and the physical examination carried out by the doctor. The detailed history taken from the patient will help the doctor to evaluate the cause. Routine blood test and allergy tests can be recommended by the consultant which can confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment:
As per doctor’s advice, light colored clothing which is non-bleached and non-dyed should be used. For relieving the discomfort, anti-allergic medications are advised. Antihistamines and steroids, either orally or in form of topical application, have been found to be effective.
Other Modes of treatment:
Certain other modes of treatment can also be helpful in coping up with the symptoms. Taking into consideration the symptoms in a holistic way, homoeopathy can offer a good aid for the relief of the symptoms. The Ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbs and synthetic derivates can also be beneficial in combating the complaints.
