Causes and risk factors
Although the exact cause still remains unknown, intestinal infection due to certain microbes is one of its major causation. The intestinal infection causes damage of the intestinal mucosa, increased growth of the bacteria, and deficient absorption the vitamin B12 and folic acid. Apart from this, increased enteroglucagon hormone causes decreased motility of the intestine.
Clinical presentation:
The common symptoms appearing in this disorder are diarrhea, weight loss, fatigue, and fever. Frequent diarrhea and loss of water from the body causes dehydration and a sign of pallor (pale appearance of skin, pale nails, and pale sclera). Recurrent complaints of oral ulcers and soreness of the tongue is seen. Swelling of extremities, abdominal cramps, and cramps in muscles are also seen. Although rare, excessive loss of fluids and electrolytes from the body in acute illness can be life threatening whereas in chronic affections severe malabsorption and anemia can even lead to death.
Investigations:
Usually, first taking into consideration the complaint narrated by the patient, the physician does a general physical examination. Investigations like routine blood test, electrolyte test, and stool tests are first carried out. On detection of any abnormal changes, Xylose test along with esophagoduodenoscopy is carried out. On the basis of the variation in the blood tests and imaging studies and the examination and history, the diagnosis is confirmed. Certain other investigations, if required, can also be suggested.
Treatment:
Correcting the fluid and electrolyte imbalance and replacing the deficient nutrients is the mainstay of treatment. Oral medications like antibiotics and intravenous injections or medications of nutrient supplements (vitamin B12 and folic acid) are given. Severely dehydrated patients need proper medical attention and can be hospitalized. Dietary advice by a qualified dietary personnel needs to be followed. The further followup comprises of assessing the improvement of complaints, blood counts, and weight.
Other Modes of treatment:
Certain other modes of treatment can also be helpful in coping up with the symptoms. Taking into consideration the symptoms in a holistic way, homoeopathy can offer a good aid for the relief of the symptoms. The Ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbs and synthetic derivates can also be beneficial in combating the complaints.
