Causes and risk factors
Macula is the small area within the retina which consists of light sensitive cells which are responsible for central vision. In this type of macular degeneration thickening of the membrane underlying the retina occurs, over time it gradually breaks off as a result of which the blood and oxygen supply is hampered. As a result there occurs abnormal formation of new blood vessels. These abnormal formed blood vessels gradually become thin and bleed thus causing loss of central vision. Although the exact cause is not known, it is seen more in old age. A strong familial history, smoking, exposure to ultraviolet radiation, hypertension and obesity are some of the contributing factors seen.
Clinical presentation
Wet macular degeneration can occur in one or both the eyes. Often in early stages the symptoms are mild and may go unnoticed. The person reports to an opthalmogist of difficulty in reading and writing. In order to read and write much bright light is required. Haziness can occur in front of the eyes. Visual hallucinations along with color vision disturbances occur. Dark patches in the visual field is noticed by the patient.
Investigations
Diagnosis is done on the basis of the symptoms narrated by the patient and the examination of the eye carried out by the ophthalmologist. Fluorescein angiogram and Optical coherence tomography are done. Grey green elevated lesions in the macula are diagnostic.
Treatment
The treatment consists of administration of anti angiogenic drugs. Along with these drugs certain local injectable medications are also recommended.Laser surgery (photocoagulation) can be done for destroying the abnormal formed blood vessels.
Other modes of treatment:
The other modes of treatment can also be effective in treating the complaints. Homoeopathy is a science which deals with individualization considers a person in a holistic way. This science can be helpful in combating the symptoms. Similarly the ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbal medicines and synthetic derivates are also found to be effective in combating the sufferings.
Recent update
The advance technique of surgical removal of the natural lens of the eye and replace it with a miniature telescope helps the patient to see better.
