Causes and risk factors
White sponge nevus is a genetic disorder. It is an autosomal dominant disease. It occurs due to mutation in the gene KRT4 or KRT13. This gene is responsible for coding of keratin. Kertain is essential for epithelial cell formation which lines the surfaces and cavities of the body.
Clinical presentation:
Formation of white soft lesions like sponge is the characteristic feature seen. It is typically seen on the mucosa of the mouth. However, other areas like mucosa of the nose, cheeks, genitals, and anal region can also be affected rarely. The affected area can appear velvety or rough. The lesions can be symmetrical. It can either involve a part of the mucous membrane or the entire mucosa.
Investigations:
Diagnosis is done on the basis of the symptoms narrated by the patient and the physical examination carried out by the dermatologist. Absence of other skin conditions confirms the disease. Certain investigations like microbiological examination, biopsy, and genetic analysis along with other tests can also be advised.
Treatment:
There is no effective treatment yet for this condition. The complaints resolve partially and can reoccur soon. Antibiotics or steroids, either oral or topical, are advised.
Other modes of treatment:
Certain other modes of treatment can also be helpful in coping up with the disease. Taking into consideration the symptoms in a holistic way, homoeopathy can offer a good aid for the relief of the symptoms. The Ayurvedic system of medicine which uses herbs and synthetic derivates can also be beneficial in combating the complaints.
Facts and Figures:
The incidence of white sponge nevus is 1 in 200,000 people.
